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Palacios-Gimenez OM, Varma M, Cheng X, Mosbech MB, Suh A, Schielzeth H
G3 15 (12) - [2025-12-10; online 2025-10-01]
Grasshoppers represent true outliers in genome sizes, both within insects and within animals in general. Their genomes are large and generally variable in sizes and feature a high abundance of repetitive DNA sequences. This has hampered the assembly of grasshopper genomes to the chromosome level. Here we present a chromosome-level reference genome for the club-legged grasshopper (Gomphocerus sibiricus, Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) using PacBio HiFi long-read and Hi-C sequencing technologies. In male haploid cells, the species has a chromosome set of n = 9 with an X0 sex-determination system, characterized by an absence of a Y chromosome. Our assembly spans 9.57 Gb in total, with 8.87 Gb organized into 9 chromosomes-8 autosomes and the X chromosome. The final assembly has a scaffold N50 value of 1.58 Gb, covers 96.7% single copy Insecta orthologs, and contains 42,665 predicted protein-coding genes and 43,385 mRNA transcripts. We compiled a curated, nonredundant, species-specific repeat library and used it to annotate repetitive DNA, covering 81.69% of the genome, mostly DNA transposons, long-interspersed nuclear element and long-terminal repeat retrotransposons. The genome of the club-legged grasshopper shows high degree of synteny with the locusts Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria, and the analysis strongly indicates 3 autosome-autosome centric fusions in Gomphocerinae. The genome offers a valuable resource for grasshopper genomics and for exploring the genetic basis of a transspecies color polymorphism.
PubMed 41029998
DOI 10.1093/g3journal/jkaf231
Crossref 10.1093/g3journal/jkaf231
pmc: PMC12693501
pii: 8269502
BioProject: PRJNA1250961
GENBANK: JBPBLO000000000
SRA: SRX29045381
SRA: SRX29045382
SRA: SRX29045386
SRA: SRX29045393
SRA: SRX29073929
SRA: SRX29073928
SRA: SRX29045383
SRA: SRX29045385
figshare: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29476994
figshare: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29148779
figshare: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29148836
figshare: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29148746