{"entity": "researcher", "timestamp": "2026-09-27T17:03:16.691Z", "family": "Khachigian", "given": "Levon M", "initials": "LM", "orcid": "0000-0003-3446-0323", "affiliations": ["Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia. L.Khachigian@unsw.edu.au."], "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/66f85042583d4361a4809451c94ab7e8.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/66f85042583d4361a4809451c94ab7e8"}}, "publications": [{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "8e01986116634366b233f250ec5427a8", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/8e01986116634366b233f250ec5427a8.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/8e01986116634366b233f250ec5427a8"}}, "title": "Promoter Usage and Dynamics in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Exposed to Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 or Interleukin-1\u03b2.", "authors": [{"family": "Alhendi", "given": "Ahmad M N", "initials": "AMN"}, {"family": "Patrikakis", "given": "Margaret", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Daub", "given": "Carsten O", "initials": "CO", "orcid": "0000-0002-3295-8729", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/779af7484e984ad6883a105caa008313.json"}}, {"family": "Kawaji", "given": "Hideya", "initials": "H", "orcid": "0000-0002-0575-0308", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/68aeb2a27a9741bca8ff615c7fdaff7f.json"}}, {"family": "Itoh", "given": "Masayoshi", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "de Hoon", "given": "Michiel", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Carninci", "given": "Piero", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Hayashizaki", "given": "Yoshihide", "initials": "Y"}, {"family": "Arner", "given": "Erik", "initials": "E"}, {"family": "Khachigian", "given": "Levon M", "initials": "LM", "orcid": "0000-0003-3446-0323", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/66f85042583d4361a4809451c94ab7e8.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2018-09-03", "journal": {"title": "Sci Rep", "issn": "2045-2322", "volume": "8", "issue": "1", "pages": "13164", "issn-l": "2045-2322"}, "abstract": "Smooth muscle cells (SMC) in blood vessels are normally growth quiescent and transcriptionally inactive. Our objective was to understand promoter usage and dynamics in SMC acutely exposed to a prototypic growth factor or pro-inflammatory cytokine. Using cap analysis gene expression (FANTOM5 project) we report differences in promoter dynamics for immediate-early genes (IEG) and other genes when SMC are exposed to fibroblast growth factor-2 or interleukin-1\u03b2. Of the 1871 promoters responding to FGF2 or IL-1\u03b2 considerably more responded to FGF2 (68.4%) than IL-1\u03b2 (18.5%) and 13.2% responded to both. Expression clustering reveals sets of genes induced, repressed or unchanged. Among IEG responding rapidly to FGF2 or IL-1\u03b2 were FOS, FOSB and EGR-1, which mediates human SMC migration. Motif activity response analysis (MARA) indicates most transcription factor binding motifs in response to FGF2 were associated with a sharp induction at 1 h, whereas in response to IL-1\u03b2, most motifs were associated with a biphasic change peaking generally later. MARA revealed motifs for FOS_FOS{B,L1}_JUN{B,D} and EGR-1..3 in the cluster peaking 1 h after FGF2 exposure whereas these motifs were in clusters peaking 1 h or later in response to IL-1\u03b2. Our findings interrogating CAGE data demonstrate important differences in promoter usage and dynamics in SMC exposed to FGF2 or IL-1\u03b2.", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-30702-4", "pmid": "30177712", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC6120868"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "10.1038/s41598-018-30702-4"}], "notes": [], "created": "2019-01-17T14:02:07.332Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T12:49:01.281Z"}]}