{"entity": "researcher", "timestamp": "2026-08-22T09:07:09.902Z", "family": "Price", "given": "David A", "initials": "DA", "orcid": "0000-0001-9416-2737", "affiliations": ["Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.", "Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK."], "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/17fa6bdd651d4efb93f267863eda54fc.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/17fa6bdd651d4efb93f267863eda54fc"}}, "publications": [{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "fa9c5d1a569f468ebda68f67a515d3b9", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/fa9c5d1a569f468ebda68f67a515d3b9.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/fa9c5d1a569f468ebda68f67a515d3b9"}}, "title": "TOX is expressed by exhausted and polyfunctional human effector memory CD8+ T cells.", "authors": [{"family": "Sekine", "given": "Takuya", "initials": "T", "orcid": "0000-0001-7649-0593", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/d9a6eb8b1e3846938ac6ffeba8231be7.json"}}, {"family": "Perez-Potti", "given": "Andr\u00e9", "initials": "A", "orcid": "0000-0002-5998-5700", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/f5137f08ce7b4632aa2409148852618f.json"}}, {"family": "Nguyen", "given": "Son", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0002-0475-5158", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/563175eaba7148b7816b90dbcb8fa578.json"}}, {"family": "Gorin", "given": "Jean-Baptiste", "initials": "JB"}, {"family": "Wu", "given": "Vincent H", "initials": "VH", "orcid": "0000-0002-8640-6065", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/fa6136ee64f340b98cd54dfedf1160d9.json"}}, {"family": "Gostick", "given": "Emma", "initials": "E", "orcid": "0000-0002-3628-5824", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/6017423d47424552b7e50fc2ecd1f67b.json"}}, {"family": "Llewellyn-Lacey", "given": "Sian", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0002-4703-0413", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/af57bac759494750a2c88baeb95c90e0.json"}}, {"family": "Hammer", "given": "Quirin", "initials": "Q", "orcid": "0000-0003-2968-6061", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/bd1d59f056c149db98064ff1b0b99ed6.json"}}, {"family": "Falck-Jones", "given": "Sara", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Vangeti", "given": "Sindhu", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0003-3404-6878", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/f234a13fb4fb443693add36d86c273e5.json"}}, {"family": "Yu", "given": "Meng", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Smed-S\u00f6rensen", "given": "Anna", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Gaballa", "given": "Ahmed", "initials": "A", "orcid": "0000-0002-5277-5129", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/b062c2e7638440919938a93892cf7848.json"}}, {"family": "Uhlin", "given": "Michael", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0002-2177-6727", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/116cfe482bb941159ee2e7175f1cd095.json"}}, {"family": "Sandberg", "given": "Johan K", "initials": "JK", "orcid": "0000-0002-6275-0750", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/d33bfbd945e647ac82e2d2699df02cb9.json"}}, {"family": "Brander", "given": "Christian", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Nowak", "given": "Piotr", "initials": "P", "orcid": "0000-0003-2747-0734", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/1b916fcba1024b208ed996cf957f499c.json"}}, {"family": "Goepfert", "given": "Paul A", "initials": "PA", "orcid": "0000-0001-8441-5737", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/3914cf27200d4846b1cb5c505486fe95.json"}}, {"family": "Price", "given": "David A", "initials": "DA", "orcid": "0000-0001-9416-2737", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/17fa6bdd651d4efb93f267863eda54fc.json"}}, {"family": "Betts", "given": "Michael R", "initials": "MR", "orcid": "0000-0002-7690-1484", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/9c646f9a798841e6aefdbff38bad73b3.json"}}, {"family": "Buggert", "given": "Marcus", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0003-0633-1719", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/cf1bb88eef764f8bb81bdd6d8a231113.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2020-07-03", "journal": {"title": "Sci Immunol", "issn": "2470-9468", "volume": "5", "issue": "49", "issn-l": "2470-9468"}, "abstract": "CD8+ T cell exhaustion is a hallmark of many cancers and chronic infections. In mice, T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) maintains exhausted CD8+ T cell responses, whereas thymocyte selection-associated HMG box (TOX) is required for the epigenetic remodeling and survival of exhausted CD8+ T cells. However, it has remained unclear to what extent these transcription factors play analogous roles in humans. In this study, we mapped the expression of TOX and TCF-1 as a function of differentiation and specificity in the human CD8+ T cell landscape. Here, we demonstrate that circulating TOX+ CD8+ T cells exist in most humans, but that TOX is not exclusively associated with exhaustion. Effector memory CD8+ T cells generally expressed TOX, whereas naive and early-differentiated memory CD8+ T cells generally expressed TCF-1. Cytolytic gene and protein expression signatures were also defined by the expression of TOX. In the context of a relentless immune challenge, exhausted HIV-specific CD8+ T cells commonly expressed TOX, often in clusters with various activation markers and inhibitory receptors, and expressed less TCF-1. However, polyfunctional memory CD8+ T cells specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) also expressed TOX, either with or without TCF-1. A similar phenotype was observed among HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from individuals who maintained exceptional immune control of viral replication. Collectively, these data demonstrate that TOX is expressed by most circulating effector memory CD8+ T cell subsets and not exclusively linked to exhaustion.", "doi": "10.1126/sciimmunol.aba7918", "pmid": "32620560", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pii", "key": "5/49/eaba7918"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-08-21T12:23:34.438Z", "modified": "2026-08-21T12:23:34.912Z"}]}