{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "d1db44a19f9342048b643ae4004b7f5e", "timestamp": "2026-10-06T17:27:31.111Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/d1db44a19f9342048b643ae4004b7f5e.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/d1db44a19f9342048b643ae4004b7f5e"}}, "title": "Persistence of salivary antibody responses after COVID-19 vaccination is associated with oral microbiome variation in both healthy and people living with HIV.", "authors": [{"family": "Ghorbani", "given": "Mahin", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Al-Manei", "given": "Khaled", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Naud", "given": "Sabrina", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Healy", "given": "Katie", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Gabarrini", "given": "Giorgio", "initials": "G"}, {"family": "Sobkowiak", "given": "Michal Jacek", "initials": "MJ"}, {"family": "Chen", "given": "Puran", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Ray", "given": "Shilpa", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Akber", "given": "Mira", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Muschiol", "given": "Sandra", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Bogdanovic", "given": "Gordana", "initials": "G"}, {"family": "Bergman", "given": "Peter", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Ljungman", "given": "Per", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Buggert", "given": "Marcus", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Ljunggren", "given": "Hans-Gustaf", "initials": "HG"}, {"family": "Pin", "given": "Elisa", "initials": "E"}, {"family": "Nowak", "given": "Piotr", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Aleman", "given": "Soo", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "S\u00e4llberg Chen", "given": "Margaret", "initials": "M"}], "type": "clinical trial", "published": "2023-01-10", "journal": {"title": "Front Immunol", "issn": "1664-3224", "volume": "13", "pages": "1079995", "issn-l": "1664-3224"}, "abstract": "Coevolution of microbiome and immunity at mucosal sites is essential for our health. Whether the oral microbiome, the second largest community after the gut, contributes to the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines is not known. We investigated the baseline oral microbiome in individuals in the COVAXID clinical trial receiving the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Participants (n=115) included healthy controls (HC; n=57) and people living with HIV (PLHIV; n=58) who met the study selection criteria. Vaccine-induced Spike antibodies in saliva and serum from 0 to 6 months were assessed and comparative analyses were performed against the individual salivary 16S ASV microbiome diversity. High- versus low vaccine responders were assessed on general, immunological, and oral microbiome features. Our analyses identified oral microbiome features enriched in high- vs. low-responders among healthy and PLHIV participants. In low-responders, an enrichment of Gram-negative, anaerobic species with proteolytic activity were found including Campylobacter, Butyrivibrio, Selenomonas, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Leptotrichia, Megasphaera, Prevotella and Stomatobaculum. In high-responders, enriched species were mainly Gram-positive and saccharolytic facultative anaerobes: Abiotrophia, Corynebacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Rothia, and Haemophilus. Combining identified microbial features in a classifier using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) yielded scores of 0.879 (healthy controls) to 0.82 (PLHIV), supporting the oral microbiome contribution in the long-term vaccination outcome. The present study is the first to suggest that the oral microbiome has an impact on the durability of mucosal immunity after Covid-19 vaccination. Microbiome-targeted interventions to enhance long-term duration of mucosal vaccine immunity may be exploited.", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079995", "pmid": "36703980", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC9871925"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-09-23T12:57:57.037Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T12:57:57.053Z"}