{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "c07d5fec7a7743f5a94cff7fb898177f", "timestamp": "2026-08-28T00:26:15.750Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/c07d5fec7a7743f5a94cff7fb898177f.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/c07d5fec7a7743f5a94cff7fb898177f"}}, "title": "Targeting Glioblastoma-Associated Macrophages for Photodynamic Therapy Using AGuIX\u00ae-Design Nanoparticles.", "authors": [{"family": "Lerouge", "given": "Lucie", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Gries", "given": "Micka\u00ebl", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Chateau", "given": "Alicia", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Daouk", "given": "Jo\u00ebl", "initials": "J", "orcid": "0000-0001-8042-1726", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/2eabb39dbc7e4d65a97681badb43cc42.json"}}, {"family": "Lux", "given": "Fran\u00e7ois", "initials": "F"}, {"family": "Rocchi", "given": "Paul", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Cedervall", "given": "Jessica", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Olsson", "given": "Anna-Karin", "initials": "AK"}, {"family": "Tillement", "given": "Olivier", "initials": "O"}, {"family": "Frochot", "given": "C\u00e9line", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-3864", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/0631cf9aedd44393a28572b114766592.json"}}, {"family": "Acherar", "given": "Samir", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0002-8776-1632", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/794e511a6f6846508885aaa4df0fe5c5.json"}}, {"family": "Thomas", "given": "No\u00e9mie", "initials": "N"}, {"family": "Barberi-Heyob", "given": "Muriel", "initials": "M"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2023-03-20", "journal": {"title": "Pharmaceutics", "issn": "1999-4923", "volume": "15", "issue": "3", "issn-l": null}, "abstract": "Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most difficult brain cancer to treat, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a complementary approach to improve tumor eradication. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) protein expression plays a critical role in GBM progression and immune response. Moreover, various clinical databases highlight a relationship between NRP-1 and M2 macrophage infiltration. In order to induce a photodynamic effect, multifunctional AGuIX\u00ae-design nanoparticles were used in combination with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, as well as a porphyrin as the photosensitizer molecule and KDKPPR peptide ligand for targeting the NRP-1 receptor. The main objective of this study was to characterize the impact of macrophage NRP-1 protein expression on the uptake of functionalized AGuIX\u00ae-design nanoparticles in vitro and to describe the influence of GBM cell secretome post-PDT on the polarization of macrophages into M1 or M2 phenotypes. By using THP-1 human monocytes, successful polarization into the macrophage phenotypes was argued via specific morphological traits, discriminant nucleocytoplasmic ratio values, and different adhesion abilities based on real-time cell impedance measurements. In addition, macrophage polarization was confirmed via the transcript-level expression of TNF\u03b1, CXCL10, CD-80, CD-163, CD-206, and CCL22 markers. In relation to NRP-1 protein over-expression, we demonstrated a three-fold increase in functionalized nanoparticle uptake for the M2 macrophages compared to the M1 phenotype. The secretome of the post-PDT GBM cells led to nearly a three-fold increase in the over-expression of TNF\u03b1 transcripts, confirming the polarization to the M1 phenotype. The in vivo relationship between post-PDT efficiency and the inflammatory effects points to the extensive involvement of macrophages in the tumor zone.", "doi": "10.3390/pharmaceutics15030997", "pmid": "36986856", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC10057379"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "pharmaceutics15030997"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-08-21T13:05:01.302Z", "modified": "2026-08-21T13:05:01.448Z"}