{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "a2e09708b5164b6a964c2254bb074ddf", "timestamp": "2026-09-24T14:44:47.561Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/a2e09708b5164b6a964c2254bb074ddf.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/a2e09708b5164b6a964c2254bb074ddf"}}, "title": "Distinct B cell subsets in Peyer's patches convey probiotic effects by Limosilactobacillus reuteri.", "authors": [{"family": "Liu", "given": "Hao-Yu", "initials": "HY"}, {"family": "Giraud", "given": "Antoine", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Seignez", "given": "Cedric", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Ahl", "given": "David", "initials": "D"}, {"family": "Guo", "given": "Feilong", "initials": "F"}, {"family": "Sedin", "given": "John", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Walden", "given": "Tomas", "initials": "T"}, {"family": "Oh", "given": "Jee-Hwan", "initials": "JH"}, {"family": "van Pijkeren", "given": "Jan Peter", "initials": "JP"}, {"family": "Holm", "given": "Lena", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Roos", "given": "Stefan", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Bertilsson", "given": "Stefan", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Phillipson", "given": "Mia", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0002-2387-0266", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/265c9b3e11de4fcaa270a0eb20faf65c.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2021-10-03", "journal": {"title": "Microbiome", "issn": "2049-2618", "volume": "9", "issue": "1", "pages": "198", "issn-l": "2049-2618"}, "abstract": "Intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs) form unique niches for bacteria-immune cell interactions that direct host immunity and shape the microbiome. Here we investigate how peroral administration of probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri R2LC affects B lymphocytes and IgA induction in the PPs, as well as the downstream consequences on intestinal microbiota and susceptibility to inflammation.\n\nThe B cells of PPs were separated by size to circumvent activation-dependent cell identification biases due to dynamic expression of markers, which resulted in two phenotypically, transcriptionally, and spatially distinct subsets: small IgD+/GL7-/S1PR1+/Bcl6, CCR6-expressing pre-germinal center (GC)-like B cells with innate-like functions located subepithelially, and large GL7+/S1PR1-/Ki67+/Bcl6, CD69-expressing B cells with strong metabolic activity found in the GC. Peroral L. reuteri administration expanded both B cell subsets and enhanced the innate-like properties of pre-GC-like B cells while retaining them in the sub-epithelial compartment by increased sphingosine-1-phosphate/S1PR1 signaling. Furthermore, L. reuteri promoted GC-like B cell differentiation, which involved expansion of the GC area and autocrine TGF\u03b2-1 activation. Consequently, PD-1-T follicular helper cell-dependent IgA induction and production was increased by L. reuteri, which shifted the intestinal microbiome and protected against dextran-sulfate-sodium induced colitis and dysbiosis.\n\nThe Peyer's patches sense, enhance and transmit probiotic signals by increasing the numbers and effector functions of distinct B cell subsets, resulting in increased IgA production, altered intestinal microbiota, and protection against inflammation. Video abstract.", "doi": "10.1186/s40168-021-01128-4", "pmid": "34602091", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC8487498"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "10.1186/s40168-021-01128-4"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-09-23T09:25:07.806Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T09:25:07.824Z"}