{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "0cd392d1c1bc438f8aa0ab60ec7c0d91", "timestamp": "2026-09-23T16:06:46.152Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/0cd392d1c1bc438f8aa0ab60ec7c0d91.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/0cd392d1c1bc438f8aa0ab60ec7c0d91"}}, "title": "Robust humoral and cellular immune responses and low risk for reinfection at least 8 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19.", "authors": [{"family": "Havervall", "given": "Sebastian", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0003-1671-8183", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/fb7ddbd0be2d4dca9249f55081fb86b3.json"}}, {"family": "Ng", "given": "Henry", "initials": "H", "orcid": "0000-0003-2873-9088", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/34363a29b64a462a8028d3252755ff6f.json"}}, {"family": "Jernbom Falk", "given": "August", "initials": "A", "orcid": "0000-0002-7773-1851", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/36e1c0cae02d4307be2b4bae725d122d.json"}}, {"family": "Greilert-Norin", "given": "Nina", "initials": "N", "orcid": "0000-0003-1492-9745", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/267720a4c98b413d93a5b1e4fb745552.json"}}, {"family": "M\u00e5nberg", "given": "Anna", "initials": "A", "orcid": "0000-0002-0056-1313", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/1ccc9581865849c285b687a4670bbf2b.json"}}, {"family": "Marking", "given": "Ulrika", "initials": "U"}, {"family": "Laur\u00e9n", "given": "Ida", "initials": "I"}, {"family": "Gabrielsson", "given": "Lena", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Salomonsson", "given": "Ann-Christin", "initials": "AC"}, {"family": "Aguilera", "given": "Katherina", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Kihlgren", "given": "Martha", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "M\u00e5nsson", "given": "Maja", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Rosell", "given": "Axel", "initials": "A", "orcid": "0000-0001-6280-0562", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/48a8b0bd9a9e4294b5e4de28ef9044df.json"}}, {"family": "Hellstr\u00f6m", "given": "Cecilia", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0003-0880-5375", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/2a4f6cc50f094d36a281821ca78821a0.json"}}, {"family": "Andersson", "given": "Eni", "initials": "E"}, {"family": "Olofsson", "given": "Jennie", "initials": "J", "orcid": "0000-0002-8593-9089", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/c0dc7102e4f24b2a9d3f1251fe80f569.json"}}, {"family": "Skoglund", "given": "Lovisa", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Yousef", "given": "Jamil", "initials": "J", "orcid": "0000-0001-5915-1258", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/0c4a7070f339466690b40d63ad6ea769.json"}}, {"family": "Pin", "given": "Elisa", "initials": "E", "orcid": "0000-0002-2158-2674", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/1533d567ad31481fae15627d3b316382.json"}}, {"family": "Lord", "given": "Martin", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0002-3238-3187", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/9049f3f7eab747bf8bf4749e71cd0873.json"}}, {"family": "\u00c5berg", "given": "Mikael", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0002-7858-8233", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/a08650cb00404b6dba35959f3cb0a53c.json"}}, {"family": "Hedhammar", "given": "My", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Tegel", "given": "Hanna", "initials": "H"}, {"family": "D\u00f6nnes", "given": "Pierre", "initials": "P", "orcid": "0000-0002-4613-2952", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/307c54a242e24f77b06695e8b7e99ee8.json"}}, {"family": "Phillipson", "given": "Mia", "initials": "M", "orcid": "0000-0002-2387-0266", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/265c9b3e11de4fcaa270a0eb20faf65c.json"}}, {"family": "Nilsson", "given": "Peter", "initials": "P", "orcid": "0000-0002-4657-8532", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/3db33fa3edb94febb8be7927a16838d0.json"}}, {"family": "Klingstr\u00f6m", "given": "Jonas", "initials": "J", "orcid": "0000-0001-9076-1441", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/6265be732af0469d9d58bf5a46e8cf7d.json"}}, {"family": "Mangsbo", "given": "Sara", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0002-1355-2678", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/f4300802cdbd42b9843fe62bc6c96c33.json"}}, {"family": "Hober", "given": "Sophia", "initials": "S", "orcid": "0000-0003-0605-8417", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/4a1bdfd8500c4dbea343132bc0d8e44c.json"}}, {"family": "Th\u00e5lin", "given": "Charlotte", "initials": "C", "orcid": "0000-0002-1345-6491", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/584e7e091c0f41259bf2d98cdf713a91.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2022-01-00", "journal": {"title": "J. Intern. Med.", "issn": "1365-2796", "volume": "291", "issue": "1", "pages": "72-80", "issn-l": "0954-6820"}, "abstract": "Emerging data support detectable immune responses for months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, but it is not yet established to what degree and for how long protection against reinfection lasts.\n\nWe investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses more than 8 months post-asymptomatic, mild and severe infection in a cohort of 1884 healthcare workers (HCW) and 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was analyzed by a weekly 3-month polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of 252 HCW that had seroconverted 7 months prior to start of screening and 48 HCW that had remained seronegative at multiple time points.\n\nAll COVID-19 patients and 96% (355/370) of HCW who were anti-spike IgG positive at inclusion remained anti-spike IgG positive at the 8-month follow-up. Circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses were detected in 88% (45/51) of COVID-19 patients and in 63% (233/370) of seropositive HCW. The cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1% (3/252) among anti-spike IgG positive HCW (0.13 cases per 100 weeks at risk) compared to 23% (11/48) among anti-spike IgG negative HCW (2.78 cases per 100 weeks at risk), resulting in a protective effect of 95.2% (95% CI 81.9%-99.1%).\n\nThe vast majority of anti-spike IgG positive individuals remain anti-spike IgG positive for at least 8 months regardless of initial COVID-19 disease severity. The presence of anti-spike IgG antibodies is associated with a substantially reduced risk of reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19.", "doi": "10.1111/joim.13387", "pmid": "34459525", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC8661920"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-09-23T08:35:16.309Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T08:35:16.710Z"}