{"entity": "journal", "iuid": "d92768d450ea43529ab26f5d03752005", "timestamp": "2026-09-26T23:04:12.884Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/journal/Scand%20J%20Trauma%20Resusc%20Emerg%20Med.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/journal/Scand%20J%20Trauma%20Resusc%20Emerg%20Med"}}, "title": "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med", "issn": "1757-7241", "issn-l": null, "publications_count": 2, "publications": [{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "b4e2e314547e4ef1a8a5cf20796f3cc3", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/b4e2e314547e4ef1a8a5cf20796f3cc3.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/b4e2e314547e4ef1a8a5cf20796f3cc3"}}, "title": "Drone delivery of an automated external defibrillator - a mixed method simulation study of bystander experience.", "authors": [{"family": "Sanfridsson", "given": "J", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Sparrevik", "given": "J", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Hollenberg", "given": "J", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Nordberg", "given": "P", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Dj\u00e4rv", "given": "T", "initials": "T"}, {"family": "Ringh", "given": "M", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Svensson", "given": "L", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Forsberg", "given": "S", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Nord", "given": "A", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Andersson-Hagiwara", "given": "M", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Claesson", "given": "A", "initials": "A", "orcid": "0000-0002-0499-9929", "researcher": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/researcher/b0e57b7fe5e342e4bdab3297fbf8c400.json"}}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2019-04-08", "journal": {"title": "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med", "issn": "1757-7241", "volume": "27", "issue": "1", "pages": "40", "issn-l": null}, "abstract": "Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) affects some 275,000 individuals in Europe each year. Time from collapse to defibrillation is essential for survival. As emergency medical services (EMS) response times in Sweden have increased, novel methods are needed to facilitate early treatment. Unmanned aerial vehicles (i.e. drones) have potential to deliver automated external defibrillators (AED). The aim of this simulation study was to explore bystanders' experience of a simulated OHCA-situation where a drone delivers an AED and how the situation is affected by having one or two bystanders onsite.\n\nThis explorative simulation study used a mixed methodology describing bystanders' experiences of retrieving an AED delivered by a drone in simulated OHCA situations. Totally eight participants were divided in two groups of bystanders a) alone or b) in pairs and performed CPR on a manikin for 5 minutes after which an AED was delivered by a drone at 50 m from the location. Qualitative data from observations, interviews of participants and video recordings were analysed using content analysis alongside descriptive data on time delays during bystander interaction.\n\nThree categories of bystander experiences emerged: 1) technique and preparedness, 2) support through conversation with the dispatcher, and 3) aid and decision-making. The main finding was that retrieval of an AED as delivered by a drone was experienced as safe and feasible for bystanders. None of the participants hesitated to retrieve the AED; instead they experienced it positive, helpful and felt relief upon AED-drone arrival and were able to retrieve and attach the AED to a manikin. Interacting with the AED-drone was perceived as less difficult than performing CPR or handling their own mobile phone during T-CPR. Single bystander simulation introduced a significant hands-off interval when retrieving the AED, a period lasting 94 s (range 75 s-110 s) with one participant compared to 0 s with two participants.\n\nThe study shows that it made good sense for bystanders to interact with a drone in this simulated suspected OHCA. Bystanders experienced delivery of AED as safe and feasible. This has potential implications, and further studies on bystanders' experiences in real cases of OHCA in which a drone delivers an AED are therefore necessary.", "doi": "10.1186/s13049-019-0622-6", "pmid": "30961651", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC6454735"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "10.1186/s13049-019-0622-6"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-09-23T07:29:15.103Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T07:29:15.183Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "caa30736b9904cae9a995b9bb1f386ab", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/caa30736b9904cae9a995b9bb1f386ab.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/caa30736b9904cae9a995b9bb1f386ab"}}, "title": "Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest.", "authors": [{"family": "Claesson", "given": "A", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Fredman", "given": "D", "initials": "D"}, {"family": "Svensson", "given": "L", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Ringh", "given": "M", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Hollenberg", "given": "J", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Nordberg", "given": "P", "initials": "P"}, {"family": "Rosenqvist", "given": "M", "initials": "M"}, {"family": "Djarv", "given": "T", "initials": "T"}, {"family": "\u00d6sterberg", "given": "S", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Lennartsson", "given": "J", "initials": "J"}, {"family": "Ban", "given": "Y", "initials": "Y"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2016-10-12", "journal": {"title": "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med", "issn": "1757-7241", "volume": "24", "issue": "1", "pages": "124", "issn-l": null}, "abstract": "The use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) prior to EMS arrival can increase 30-day survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) significantly. Drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can fly with high velocity and potentially transport devices such as AEDs to the site of OHCAs. The aim of this explorative study was to investigate the feasibility of a drone system in decreasing response time and delivering an AED.\n\nData of Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates from historical OHCA in Stockholm County was used in a model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to find suitable placements and visualize response times for the use of an AED equipped drone. Two different geographical models, urban and rural, were calculated using a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) model. Test-flights with an AED were performed on these locations in rural areas.\n\nIn total, based on 3,165 retrospective OHCAs in Stockholm County between 2006-2013, twenty locations were identified for the potential placement of a drone. In a GIS-simulated model of urban OHCA, the drone arrived before EMS in 32 % of cases, and the mean amount of time saved was 1.5 min. In rural OHCA the drone arrived before EMS in 93 % of cases with a mean amount of time saved of 19 min. In these rural locations during (n = 13) test flights, latch-release of the AED from low altitude (3-4 m) or landing the drone on flat ground were the safest ways to deliver an AED to the bystander and were superior to parachute release.\n\nThe difference in response time for EMS between urban and rural areas is substantial, as is the possible amount of time saved using this UAV-system. However, yet another technical device needs to fit into the chain of survival. We know nothing of how productive or even counterproductive this system might be in clinical reality.\n\nTo use drones in rural areas to deliver an AED in OHCA may be safe and feasible. Suitable placement of drone systems can be designed by using GIS models. The use of an AED equipped drone may have the potential to reduce time to defibrillation in OHCA.", "doi": "10.1186/s13049-016-0313-5", "pmid": "27729058", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC5059909"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "10.1186/s13049-016-0313-5"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-09-23T06:41:58.161Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T06:41:58.198Z"}], "created": "2026-09-23T06:41:58.171Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T06:41:58.171Z"}