{"entity": "journal", "iuid": "08230984693947dba71c00708ab060f3", "timestamp": "2026-09-26T23:03:33.852Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/journal/Mol%20Ther%20Nucleic%20Acids.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/journal/Mol%20Ther%20Nucleic%20Acids"}}, "title": "Mol Ther Nucleic Acids", "issn": "2162-2531", "issn-l": null, "publications_count": 2, "publications": [{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "751ae5e8336a48bda8d019c34fff7b88", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/751ae5e8336a48bda8d019c34fff7b88.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/751ae5e8336a48bda8d019c34fff7b88"}}, "title": "Immunogenicity and innate immunity to high-dose and repeated vaccination of modified mRNA versus unmodified mRNA.", "authors": [{"family": "Engstrand", "given": "Olivia", "initials": "O"}, {"family": "Joas", "given": "Gustav", "initials": "G"}, {"family": "Miranda", "given": "Marcos C", "initials": "MC"}, {"family": "Yan", "given": "Xianglei", "initials": "X"}, {"family": "Lenart", "given": "Klara", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Cerveira", "given": "Rodrigo Arcoverde", "initials": "RA"}, {"family": "Reinhardt", "given": "Annika", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Lor\u00e9", "given": "Karin", "initials": "K"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2025-09-09", "journal": {"title": "Mol Ther Nucleic Acids", "issn": "2162-2531", "volume": "36", "issue": "3", "pages": "102588", "issn-l": null}, "abstract": "mRNA vaccines represent a new era with several novel constructs underway. We compared the responses of high doses and multiple repetitive immunizations of a nucleoside-modified mRNA construct to a sequence-codon-optimized unmodified mRNA construct encoding the identical model antigen (HIV-1 gag). Rhesus macaques were immunized five times at 2-week intervals, with a final boost 20 weeks later. At 24 h post-vaccination, both unmodified (160 \u03bcg) and modified (400 \u03bcg and 800 \u03bcg) mRNA constructs elicited clear but transient increase of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, intermediate CD14+ CD16+ monocytes, and neutrophils along with secretion of type I interferon (IFN)-related and inflammatory cytokines. Unmodified mRNA induced higher interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IFN-\u03b1 levels, whereas modified mRNA induced higher IL-6 levels. Transcriptomic profiling showed significant upregulation of genes related to type I IFN signaling, antigen presentation, and innate immune activation induced by both mRNA constructs. The high-dose modified mRNA induced a higher number of differentially expressed genes at prime, which further increased after the fifth immunization. These differences in innate immune activation nonetheless led to similar levels and kinetics of gag-specific antibody and T cell responses. These findings offer insights into the immunogenic and reactogenic potential of different mRNA vaccine modalities, guiding future vaccine and therapy development.", "doi": "10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102588", "pmid": "40612710", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC12221724"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "S2162-2531(25)00142-8"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-09-23T11:30:42.744Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T11:30:42.766Z"}, {"entity": "publication", "iuid": "3540eb208fcd4aa095e703a37dd973fd", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/3540eb208fcd4aa095e703a37dd973fd.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/3540eb208fcd4aa095e703a37dd973fd"}}, "title": "Comprehensive RNA-Sequencing Analysis in Serum and Muscle Reveals Novel Small RNA Signatures with Biomarker Potential for DMD.", "authors": [{"family": "Coenen-Stass", "given": "Anna M L", "initials": "AML"}, {"family": "Sork", "given": "Helena", "initials": "H"}, {"family": "Gatto", "given": "Sole", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Godfrey", "given": "Caroline", "initials": "C"}, {"family": "Bhomra", "given": "Amarjit", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Krjut\u0161kov", "given": "Kaarel", "initials": "K"}, {"family": "Hart", "given": "Jonathan R", "initials": "JR"}, {"family": "Westholm", "given": "Jakub O", "initials": "JO"}, {"family": "O'Donovan", "given": "Liz", "initials": "L"}, {"family": "Roos", "given": "Andreas", "initials": "A"}, {"family": "Lochm\u00fcller", "given": "Hanns", "initials": "H"}, {"family": "Puri", "given": "Pier Lorenzo", "initials": "PL"}, {"family": "El Andaloussi", "given": "Samir", "initials": "S"}, {"family": "Wood", "given": "Matthew J A", "initials": "MJA"}, {"family": "Roberts", "given": "Thomas C", "initials": "TC"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2018-12-07", "journal": {"title": "Mol Ther Nucleic Acids", "issn": "2162-2531", "volume": "13", "pages": "1-15", "issn-l": null}, "abstract": "Extracellular small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), are promising biomarkers for diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), although their biological relevance is largely unknown. To investigate the relationship between intracellular and extracellular sRNA levels on a global scale, we performed sRNA sequencing in four muscle types and serum from wild-type, dystrophic mdx, and mdx mice in which dystrophin protein expression was restored by exon skipping. Differentially abundant sRNAs were identified in serum (mapping to miRNA, small nuclear RNA [snRNA], and PIWI-interacting RNA [piRNA] loci). One novel candidate biomarker, miR-483, was increased in both mdx serum and muscle, and also elevated in DMD patient sera. Dystrophin restoration induced global shifts in miRNA (including miR-483) and snRNA-fragment abundance toward wild-type levels. Specific serum piRNA-like sRNAs also responded to exon skipping therapy. Absolute miRNA expression in muscle was positively correlated with abundance in the circulation, although multiple highly expressed miRNAs in muscle were not elevated in mdx serum, suggesting that both passive and selective release mechanisms contribute to serum miRNA levels. In conclusion, this study has revealed new insights into the sRNA biology of dystrophin deficiency and identified novel DMD biomarkers.", "doi": "10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.005", "pmid": "30219269", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC6140421"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "S2162-2531(18)30210-5"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-09-23T08:37:43.982Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T08:37:44.048Z"}], "created": "2026-09-23T08:37:43.994Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T08:37:43.994Z"}