{"entity": "journal", "iuid": "a370c54b6fc44dceaec460b025db1d70", "timestamp": "2026-09-26T23:04:14.198Z", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/journal/J%20Am%20Acad%20Child%20Adolesc%20Psychiatry.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/journal/J%20Am%20Acad%20Child%20Adolesc%20Psychiatry"}}, "title": "J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "issn": "1527-5418", "issn-l": null, "publications_count": 1, "publications": [{"entity": "publication", "iuid": "3280a2d6eca1450fa6abb82c404fab62", "links": {"self": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/3280a2d6eca1450fa6abb82c404fab62.json"}, "display": {"href": "https://publications-affiliated.scilifelab.se/publication/3280a2d6eca1450fa6abb82c404fab62"}}, "title": "Associations of Childhood and Adolescent Depression With Adult Psychiatric and Functional Outcomes.", "authors": [{"family": "Copeland", "given": "William E", "initials": "WE"}, {"family": "Alaie", "given": "Iman", "initials": "I"}, {"family": "Jonsson", "given": "Ulf", "initials": "U"}, {"family": "Shanahan", "given": "Lilly", "initials": "L"}], "type": "journal article", "published": "2021-05-00", "journal": {"title": "J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "issn": "1527-5418", "volume": "60", "issue": "5", "pages": "604-611", "issn-l": null}, "abstract": "Depression is common, impairing, and the leading cause of disease burden in youths. This study aimed to identify the effects of childhood/adolescent depression on a broad range of longer-term outcomes.\n\nThe analysis is based on the prospective, representative Great Smoky Mountains Study of 1,420 participants. Participants were assessed with the structured Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment interview up to 8 times in childhood (age 9-16 years; 6,674 observations; 1993-2000) for DSM-based depressive disorders, associated psychiatric comorbidities, and childhood adversities. Participants were followed up 4 times in adulthood (ages 19, 21, 25, and 30 years; 4,556 observations of 1,336 participants; 1999-2015) with the structured Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment Interview for psychiatric outcomes and functional outcomes.\n\nIn all, 7.7% of participants met criteria for a depressive disorder in childhood/adolescence. Any childhood/adolescent depression was associated with higher levels of adult anxiety and illicit drug disorders and also with worse health, criminal, and social functioning; these associations persisted when childhood psychiatric comorbidities and adversities were accounted for. No sex-specific patterns were identified. However, timing of depression mattered: individuals with adolescent-onset depression had worse outcomes than those with child-onset. Average depressive symptoms throughout childhood and adolescence were associated with more adverse outcomes. Finally, specialty mental health service use was protective against adult diagnostic outcomes.\n\nEarly depression and especially persistent childhood/adolescent depressive symptoms have robust, lasting associations with adult functioning. Some of these effects may be attenuated by service use.", "doi": "10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.895", "pmid": "32758528", "labels": [], "xrefs": [{"db": "mid", "key": "NIHMS1687557"}, {"db": "pmc", "key": "PMC8051642"}, {"db": "pii", "key": "S0890-8567(20)31337-X"}], "notes": [], "created": "2026-09-23T06:37:57.908Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T06:37:57.952Z"}], "created": "2026-09-23T06:37:57.918Z", "modified": "2026-09-23T06:37:57.918Z"}